Evolution, Intelligent Design, and the Battle for the American Intellect

Have you ever read a book by George Orwell entitledtheory or claim, and is thus ineligible to be presented as
"1984"? He wrote his pessimistic view of the future inscience. ID is based on some people observing
1948. This is the book that gave us Big Brother, thecomplexity in nature and, because they cannot
idea of constant surveillance, and a model societyunderstand what is happening or how it came to be,
based on strict conformity. Among the tools developedbelieve God must have done it. I haven't a clue how
to promote conformity, Orwell's society inventedmy car engine works, but I am also pretty sure that
Newspeak, where words are redefined to meet theGod did not make it! Imagine what John Paul Jones
draconian social order.would have thought if he could have seen a nuclear
In Newspeak we learn that "war is peace," "love isaircraft carrier...
hate," and other definitional reversals that send chillsThe few Ph.D. scientists who support the idea are
down the spine of anyone who understands thechemists, engineers, and physicists, not biologists. The
implications. The actual 1984 has come and gone, butfew biologists who support the idea are mainly
many of Orwell's predictions are with us, especiallybiochemists, again with limited experience of whole
newspeak. We are no longer fired but downsized,organism biology. Their take on the complexities of
wars produce collateral damage instead of civilianevolution are as limited as car mechanic's knowledge
casualties, and religion is science.of pharmacy.
Did that last one get past you? If not, you may be in aReal science is the practice of observing and
minority, because American school boards have beenexplaining nature without resorting to the supernatural.
and remain under pressure to insert religious instructionJust because we don't know how something works
into the science curriculum as science.doesn't mean God did it. In fact, as soon as we credit
In recent months the question of how schools shouldGod (or angels, leprechauns, demons, whatever) with
treat the revisionist "Intelligent Design" (ID) doctrine, asomething we have stopped doing science.
claim by a very vocal group of extremeAs for the core of the issue, let me--an evolutionary
fundamentalist Christians that science classes shouldbiologist--make one thing perfectly clear: Evolution is a
present the Genesis story of the creation of life and itsfact. It is on an absolute par with the orbit and shape
diversity on an equal footing with scientific theories.of the earth, the behavior of electrons to produce
The story has been featured in practically everyelectricity, and the constancy of the speed of light. To
medium available, from the august pages of Sciencedeny biological evolution is no different than denying
magazine to a front-page series in the New Yorkthose other facts--though some people do still believe
Times, and everything in between, including Time,that the earth doesn't move and is flat and the speed
Newsweek, American Scholar, Natural History, theof light is variable.
American School Board Journal, and on and on. TheThe theory of evolution by means of natural selection
quantity, length, and emotional outpouring of theis a scientific explanation of how (not if) evolution
coverage rivals that given to the Abu Ghraib and Swifthappens. The holes in the theory are minor, and deal
Boat issues of 2004. Even in religious circles there arewith questions about whether organisms evolve quickly
opposite camps, the Archbishop of Vienna supportingor slowly, in rapid steps or gradual transitions, or
the intelligent design doctrine (New York Times, 7 Julywhether the host or its parasites is the major force for
2005), while Vatican chief astronomer Father Georgechange. So far, the theory of evolution is so well
Coyne defending Darwinism (The Tablet, 5 Augustsupported that it has no scientifically valid competition.
2005). Finally, no less a scientific non-expert asScience teachers should be able to hit ID head on, by
President Bush went on record saying he though IDsaying up front "Intelligent Design is one of thousands
should be taught in schools.of religion-based explanations for the origin and
The issue of whether or not to teach biblicaldiversity of life, but like those others it is not a scientific
creationism (under the new name "Intelligent Design")explanation because..."
and to "warn" students that evolutionary theory is aAlternately, for those who delight in the peripheral
weak idea from the fringes of scientific respectability isissues, perhaps scientists and non-fundamentalists
once again in the courts. Pennsylvania's Dover Areacould start demanding that ID/Creationists must subject
School District has been sued by eight families whotheir beliefs to the scientific method, to provide "equal
oppose any passing off of religion as science andtime" in church. Perhaps we should insist upon having a
requiring teachers to misrepresent science in theirnotice stamped inside Bibles that reads: caution: these
classrooms.accounts represent only a few of several thousand
Why doesn't ID deserve equal time as the alternativereligious viewpoints, any of which might be true or all of
scientific theory to biological evolution? In simplestwhich might be false." It might be interesting to see
terms, because ID is not science, nor is it based uponwhat real physicists, biologists, and chemists have to
science. ID is based on literal interpretation of biblesay about the burning bush, immaculate conception,
stories, with no testable hypotheses, no explanationand transmutation of water into wine. What might we
that meets the meaning of "scientific", and no possibilitylearn by shedding some light on the parting of the sea,
of changing its views in the face of contradictorywalking on water, and the nature of demons? More
evidence. In short, Intelligent Design is not a scientificimportant, what might we learn about ourselves?