From Sketches to Snow - a Brief History of Germ Theory

While bacteria are not new, humans' discovery ofwear different clothes in the hospital, than when they
them was somewhat recent. Who was the firstconducted autopsies.
person actually to see bacteria? That was a clothAlthough Semmelweis's theory about bacteria
merchant named Anton van Leeuwenhoek, fromimpacting the spread of diseases-was correct. His
Holland. No, he did not have Superman eyes. One day,theories were quite unpopular, during his lifetime. In fact,
Leeuwenhoek was improving magnifying lenses, so hehe lost various positions due to them, while the medical
could better evaluate a cloth's weave. For whateverworld labeled him as insane.
reason, he using one of his outstanding lenses, toGOT PASTEURIZED MILK?
examine some drops of pond water. The itty-bittyThough he never lived to see his theories verified,
microbes that Leeuwenhoek saw moving around theLouis Pastuer and Robert Koch would make
water, changed medical history forever.Semmelweis a prophet. They provided solid evidence
SMALL CRITTERS MAKE SMALL IMPACTthat a link between bacteria and transmittable
Throughout the late 1970s, Leeuwenhoek then sentdiseases, indeed existed. This eventually became the
several meticulous sketches to London's Royal"germ theory" Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, when
Society. These sketches included smaller organismsthey conducted many important experiments. Pastuer
with single cells, as well as "larger" types of bacteria.developed pasteurization, which involved boiling to
In retrospect, we would probably assume thatdestroy bacteria and lengthen the life of the food.
Leeuwenhoek's discovery would quickly revolutionizeMeanwhile, Koch proved that a type of bacterium
the world of science and medicine. That nevercaused anthrax, a disease.
happened. For nearly two centuries, the world at largeTHE GERM THEORY AND THE LISTERINE GUY
perceived his finding as fascinating, though irrelevant.The works of John Snow was significant in verifying
Perhaps the problem was that people could not trulythe Germ Theory. He revealed how bacteria could
value things that seemed to be as significant in theirspread after impurities seeped into water that Britons
day-to-day lives, as the number of stars in theused for drinking and cooking. His work resulted in
universe.more sanitary hospitals, and water systems.
SEMMELWEIS AND THE GERM THEORYMeanwhile, Joseph Lister, for whom Listerine is named,
Arguably the scientific and medical world did not valuecreated antiseptics to reduce infections during
Leeuwenhoek's work, until the link between bacteriasurgeries.
and the transfer of diseases, was discovered.From the discovery of bacteria to understanding the
However, prior to the development of the Germlink between bacteria and diseases, the work of
Theory of disease, an Austran named Ignazseveral bold researchers, has resulted in a better
Semmelweis discovered something significant. Heunderstanding of the microscope world of bacteria.
observed that doctors' failing to wash their handsToday, various techniques, such as the wearing of
resulted in more fatalities in a maternity hospital.scrubs, can effectively prevent bacteria from
Although hygienic cheap urbane scrubs were notspreading. Germ Theory has become germ fact!
available yet, Semmelweis suggested that doctors