| The purpose of this science fair project is to explore | | | | the freezer until the water has frozen to ice. You may |
| the effect of road salt placed on snowy and icy roads. | | | | have to leave the dishes in the freezer overnight. |
| The freezing point for water is 32 degrees Fahrenheit. | | | | Setup Step #3: |
| At this temperature water freezes into ice. Road salt | | | | Place each of the six dishes on the floor of your |
| is placed on snowy and icy roads because the salt | | | | kitchen. |
| causes the ice and snow to melt. The chemistry | | | | You are now ready to begin the science experiment. |
| behind this reaction is that salt lowers the melting point | | | | SCIENCE FAIR PROJECT INSTRUCTIONS: |
| or freezing point of water. The salt acts as foreign | | | | Step #1: |
| particles in the water to help the melting process. | | | | You are going to spread material onto each dish in the |
| In this science fair project you will simulate sidewalks | | | | followingmanner: |
| and roads in icy conditions. You will fill dishes with ice to | | | | Dish #1: Do not spread any material across this dish. |
| represent the sidewalks and roads. You will place | | | | Leave thisdish as plain ice only. |
| various materials across the ice cubes to see if and | | | | Dish #2: Spread the 12 ounces of road salt evenly |
| how the ice cubes melt. The various materials include: | | | | across this dish. |
| road salt, fertilizer, calcium chloride, cat litter, and sand. | | | | Dish #3: Spread the 12 ounces of fertilizer evenly |
| Hypothesis: | | | | across this dish. |
| Road salt and the various other materials will cause | | | | Dish #4: Spread the 12 ounces of calcium chloride |
| the ice to meltfaster than using nothing at all. | | | | evenly acrossthis dish. |
| Variables: | | | | Dish #5: Spread the 12 ounces of cat litter evenly |
| Type of material spread on ice | | | | across this dish. |
| Materials Needed: | | | | Dish #6: Spread the 12 ounces of sand evenly across |
| - Six dishes that have dimensions of 9 x 13 inches | | | | this dish. |
| - Freezer available to use during the science fair | | | | Step #2: |
| project | | | | Use your stopwatch to determine how long it takes |
| - Stopwatch | | | | for eachmaterial to melt the ice. Record your |
| - Water | | | | observations. Did the road salt melt the ice the |
| - 12 ounces of road salt | | | | quickest? Rank the materials in order from the dish |
| - 12 ounces of fertilizer | | | | that melted the fastest to the slowest. Do you think |
| - 12 ounces of calcium chloride | | | | that road salt is most effective material to use on icy |
| - 12 ounces of cat litter | | | | roads? Why or why not? |
| - 12 ounces of sand | | | | Step #3: |
| - Paper | | | | You may want to take pictures during the melting |
| - Pencil | | | | process. |
| - Camera | | | | Pictures will help you document your observations as |
| SCIENCE FAIR PROJECT SETUP INSTRUCTIONS: | | | | well as validate your results and conclusions. |
| Complete the following steps for this science fair | | | | Summary of Results: |
| project: | | | | The materials that were spread across each dish |
| Setup Step #1: | | | | cause the freezing point to lower. This in effect |
| Pour water into each of the six dishes. Make sure that | | | | caused the ice to melt. Road salt isused on icy roads |
| the water level in each dish is 1 inch. | | | | because it is the most effective and also the safest |
| Setup Step #2: | | | | for the environment. |
| Place the six dishes in the freezer. Leave the dishes in | | | | |