| ‘Ilm (Science) and knowledge (Ma'arifah) OR | | | | It equals Sum + Sum + Sum + ... or lifetime1 + |
| (Abstract Knowledge and Practical Science) | | | | Lifetime2 + L3 +.... (3) |
| Prof. Hasan Yahya, Professor of Philosophy | | | | OR 1000 sums (of 'ILM) = 1000 lifetime |
| Introduction Knowing other language or languages is | | | | (4) |
| always a benefit for human being. It is -I believe- an | | | | BUT 'ILM never comes to an end, |
| important factor to enhance understanding among | | | | which means that all human race lives from Adam to |
| individuals as well as groups. Sometimes, however, | | | | the Day of Judgment will not pay for a complete |
| the second to mother tongue language reduces | | | | possession of the unlimited 'ILM (such 'ILM is only |
| disability to understand the real meaning of the | | | | possessed by Allah-ST, which is the belief of the |
| written language. Because knowing languages without | | | | original author.) |
| understanding the culture behind that language gives | | | | THEN we can deduce the following equation: |
| sometimes misunderstanding of the meaning of the | | | | All sums of 'ILM = All human's lifetime in all |
| concepts used . In this paper, illustration of such | | | | generations (5) |
| misunderstanding is given, then the two Arabic | | | | Furthermore, here is another example: It is like |
| concepts " ‘ILM and Ma'arifah" are explained. What | | | | someone lived 100 years, and wanted to buy a cat |
| exactly was misconceived in translation, with no | | | | which cost for example ( US$200.00), how much ten |
| intention of making that misconception. Some rules | | | | bills he needs to pay the full price of the cat? Suppose |
| concludes the argument about the two concepts. | | | | each piece of the ten bill, equals one's lifetime, (in the |
| ‘ILM (unlimited knowledge) and Ma'arifah (practical | | | | above example), and the cat (as in the |
| limited knowledge about something) | | | | example-means 'ILM). If you understand this reasoning, |
| The Problem of Translation: Rosenthal brought the | | | | THEN you will understand the statement. In conclusion |
| following saying about knowledge (Ilm) in the forward | | | | to the above argument, Rosenthal's translation was |
| of his book "Knowledge Triumph ", he says: "AL-'ILMU | | | | incomplete, and may misleading to the point made by |
| shay'un la yu'tika ba'dahu hatta tu'tiyahu kullaka, | | | | the one who said that wisdom. |
| fa-idhá a'taytaho kullaka fa-antá min i'ta'ihi laka | | | | According to the above reasoning, it would be |
| l-ba'da, 'ala khatarin." (an-Nazzam as quoted by | | | | understood that the concept of ‘ILM cannot be |
| al-Jahiz). Rosenthal Translated the above statement | | | | obtained in one's lifetime, because it needs to be |
| as follows: "KNOWLEDGE is something that will not | | | | obtained in full not parts, so it will take a number of |
| give part of itself to you until you give your all to it. And | | | | human lifetimes to be completed, and it will never will, |
| when you give your all to it, then you stand a chance | | | | because Human beings might discover something |
| but you cannot be sure that it will give you that part." | | | | today, or tomorrow, they will remain disabled to get to |
| . If you do not the original language, which is in this | | | | the end of knowledge-‘ILM. Such ability far from |
| case Arabic, you might accept Rosenthal translation, | | | | achieving in one's or several or all lifetimes .So, after |
| and you might understand what the translation means | | | | this reasoning, I will provide my own understanding for |
| to you or you might not if you do not understand the | | | | the above statement in Arabic to mean in English, the |
| meaning, which knowledge do you think was lacking? | | | | following: |
| Yours or the translator's? Which one you consider to | | | | ‘Ilm is (like something does not give you some of it, |
| be wrong? Is it the original writer or the reader? Think | | | | unless you give him back your whole life - efforts and |
| of this? When I have read the Arabic saying five | | | | commitments-. When you acquire more over your |
| years ago, I did not understand it immediately, even I | | | | limits, (and are already give your lifetime for it, another |
| have a degree in Arabic literature, I read it again slowly, | | | | some of ‘ILM needs another person to continue |
| and asked myself: What did the author means? The | | | | getting another some of knowledge-‘ILM. To |
| statement was written in English, therefore, I began to | | | | acquire another chunk of ‘ILM you don't have your |
| transform it into Arabic, I read it ten times, and every | | | | lifetime available after your death, in this case another |
| time I discovered a new broader meaning that that, | | | | lifetime is needed to continue with knowledge, In such |
| the one before it. At last I-THINK- I understood the | | | | bargain , you want to have another some, but you |
| statement. Therefore, I want to explain it. Anyway, | | | | cannot get it, because you cannot provide your lifetime |
| Rosenthal himself was guessing that he was wrong in | | | | again, you are dead, as human who have only one |
| the translation especially the last part of the statement. | | | | lifetime - it is a weak position), THEN you are in danger, |
| Explanation: The English translation have | | | | someone else will replace you to give his lifetime for |
| missed an important ingredient in the Arabic meaning. | | | | another sum of knowledge." |
| To explain what was missing, I will give the following | | | | This saying can be explained as a wisdom provided |
| simple question composed into mathematical equations, | | | | for human beings, to learn about their limitations in |
| to illustrate the meaning. | | | | terms of time and ability to acquire knowledge-"ILM, as |
| IF exchanging sum of ('ilm) = all man's lifetime | | | | humans compared to the unlimited ‘ILM of Allah |
| (1) | | | | (SWT). ** [ From a long research paper on the |
| THEN All ( 'ILM ) = | | | | concept of "Ilm (Science) by the author. |
| (What?) (2) | | | | |