Radioactivity and Radiation Safety

Radioactivity can be one of the most confusing topicsMedicine and fields such as archaeology have seen
in science to many today. Its usefulness in a broadhuge advances in their fields due to the uses of
array of scientific arenas is undoubtedly substantial,technology derived from radiation studies. In modern
and yet the same technology that can be used tomedicine, radioactive isotopes are used as forms of
solve problems can also be used for huge amounts oftracers to follow how certain body processes function.
destruction and long term consequences.Once ingested the isotopes can be followed and have
While most people alive today have heard of radiationbeen extremely useful in the diagnosis of disease and
and its uses and potential disastrous penalties theythe research related to solving some of medicines
may not know exactly what it is, and their knowledgebiggest mysteries. Archaeology on the other hand
of the subject is limited to only what they hear fromuses radiation in a much different way. Since radiation
news sources or medical journals. Simply put,is derived primarily from natural forms, scientists have
radioactivity refers to the unpredictable release ofbeen able to find ways to use it to help define the
energy from 'unstable' atoms. Unlike stable atoms,history and length of life on the planet earth. Living
which do not change throughout their lifetime, unstableorganisms take in radiation through the environment
atoms break down and emit radioactivity from theirthrough carbon, however once deceased the
nucleus as they break down (also referred to asorganism stops its intake of carbon and the amount
decay). Elements such as uranium, potassium, andthat is present slowly decreases over time. The
thorium (isotopes) decay fairly easily to form smaller,amount of time it takes for the decrease to happen is
lighter atoms, while other more stable elements maypredictable and scientists use this information to date
take longer.events that have occurred on our planet.
While radiation and radioactivity seem to be terms thatAlthough complicated the science of radiation and
refer to twentieth century science topics, theradioactivity has fascinated researchers due to its
phenomena was actually discovered back in 1896 byunlimited potential and usefulness. However the vast
Antoine Becquerel somewhat by accident. Becquerel,variety of uses also has its consequences and must
who studied photography and x-rays, had putbe watched carefully. Perfect proof for this can be
photographic plates in a drawer with uranium salts. Toseen in the meltdown of a Ukrainian nuclear reactor
his surprise the photographic plates became exposedthat occurred during the cold war. Disastrous effects
without the presence of a purposefully placed energyof this accident are still in effect to this day and the
source, as the uranium has supplied the neededsurrounding population and terrain will be scarred for a
energy. In honor of his work in the field, the standardlong period of time. Radioactive materials do have their
unit of measure for radiation was named theuses, but we must be responsible with the technology
Becquerel.and use it appropriately to help further our knowledge.