What is Fluorescent Lighting?

Understanding how fluorescent light tubes work beginsshell with an electrode on each end for connecting to
with a basic understanding of how light is produced.the electrical source. Phosphor powder lines the inside
The basic unit of light is the light photon, which isof the tube, and a small amount of mercury and an
released by an atom when its electrons becomeinert gas are contained within it. When current flows to
energized. As you may know, electrons are negativelyand between the electrodes, electrons travel the
charged particles that orbit around an atom's positivelylength of the tube, creating energy that converts part
charged nucleus. Electrons have different levels ofof the mercury to a gas. As some of the moving
energy, and move when energy is gained or lost byatoms and electrons make contact with the mercury
the atom. When heat passes energy to an atom,atoms, electrons become excited, jump to a new
electrons quickly shift to another orbital, and almostorbital, and emit light photons as they return to the
instantaneously jump back to their original positions. Asoriginal orbital.
the return jump takes place, extra energy can beHowever, the light created by this chemical reaction is
released in the form of a light photon, thus creating light.mostly in the ultraviolet range, which again is not
We have all heard that fluorescent bulbs are morecomprehended by the human eye. The phosphor
efficient than incandescent ones, but why? Fluorescentpowder lining the fluorescent lamp serves the
bulbs utilize a more energy efficient process ofimportant purpose of converting the light to visible light.
producing the light that we see. The main differenceWhen the light photons created from the chemical
between incandescent lighting and fluorescent lighting isreaction collide with a phosphor, the energy excites the
in the process of stimulating the atoms. Incandescentphosphor's electrons, thus emitting visible light.
light bulbs excite atoms through the introduction ofPhosphors are the reason for the white light we
heat, resulting in an excess of unused heat energy.typically see from fluorescent lights.
Fluorescent light bulbs, on the other hand, utilize aThe popularity of fluorescent lighting is on the rise as
chemical reaction to excite atoms without the sameconsumers are becoming more environmentally
excess heat energy. Both types of bulbs createconscious and are looking for energy saving solutions.
ultraviolet light, which is not visible to humans. But onlyOnce widespread mainly in large office buildings and
fluorescent bulbs utilize a substance that converts theschools, the fluorescent bulb is now manufactured with
ultraviolet light to visible light, resulting in less wasteda standard bulb base making it compatible with more
energy.common home light fixtures.
An ordinary fluorescent lamp is a tube shaped glass